![]() The EPR results varied little with the chloroethyl compound used or with porcine or human cytochrome P450 reductase, the reductase domain of rat brain neuronal nitric oxide synthase or rat liver thioredoxin reductase. The outcome supported our hypothesis that carbon-centered free radicals are produced when mustard-related onium ions are enzymatically reduced. Lewisite is not known to generate reproductive or teratogenic effects. ![]() Acute Lewisite exposure has been implicated in cases of Bowen's disease, more ยป an intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma. Reproductive effects have not been demonstrated in the offspring of laboratory rats. Mustard agents are mutagenic data for cellular and laboratory animal assays are presented. Once begun, tissue reaction is irreversible. Because mustard agents are alkylating compounds, they destroy individual cells by reaction with cellular proteins, enzymes, RNA, and DNA. Risk analysis derived from carcinogenesis data indicates that sulfur mustard possesses a carcinogenic potency similar to that of benzopyrene. ![]() These effects may not become manifest until years following exposure. Vesicant agents are also capable of generating delayed effects such as chronic bronchitis, carcinogenesis, or keratitis/keratopathy of the eye under appropriate conditions of exposure and dose. Available data summarizing acute dose response in humans and laboratory animals are summarized. ![]() Moist tissues such as the eyes, respiratory tract, and axillary areas are particularly affected. These agents can be dispersed in liquid, aerosol, or vapor form and are capable of producing severe chemical burns upon direct contact with tissue. The vesicant agents of the unitary chemical munitions stockpile include various formulations of sulfur mustard and small quantities of the organic arsenical Lewisite. ![]()
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